Intaglio printing
Intaglio printing is a printmaking technique in which the image is incised onto the surface, which is usually known as a matrix or a plate. Normally copper or zinc plates are used, and incisions are created by etching or engraving. To begin print ink is applied to the surface and then rubbed with a tarlatan cloth to remove some of the excess of the liquid. The final smooth wipe is often done with a newspaper leaving ink only in the incisions.
Finally a damp piece of paper is placed on top and both materials are run through a printing press that transfers the ink from the recesses of the plate to paper.
Intaglio Printing was invented in Germany during the 1430s, well after the woodcut print. Goldsmiths had used engraving to decorate metalwork such as knight’s armour and religious objects since the ancient times, as well as the niello technique, which involved rubbing alloy into the lines to give a contrasting colour. It has been suggested that goldsmiths began to print impressions of their work to record their design, and that printmaking developed from that.
Albrecht Dürer
Rembrandt
Relief Printing
Relief printing is an image created by a printmaking process, where the areas of the matrix are on the original surface. The parts of the matrix that are ink free are otherwise removed. Printing the image is therefore a relatively simple matter or bringing it into firm contact with the paper.
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